THE SERMONS
of Master John Calvin
upon the fifth booke of Moses
called
Deuteronomie.
On Wednesday the xx. Of March.
1555.
The first Sermon upon
the first Chapter.
ere followe the wordes which Moses
spake to all Israell beyond
2 There are eleven journeyes from
Horeb by way of
3 And it came to passe, that in
the fortith yeere, the first day of the eleventh moneth, Moses spake to the
children of Israell, according to all that ever the Lorde had commanded him to
say unto them.
hen GOD caused his lawe to be publisht in mount
Horeb, after his conveying of the people out of the thraldome of Egypt, thereby
he shewed to what ende and purpose he had had pitie of his people in delivering
them: that is to wit, to be glorifyed thereby, as the marke whereunto we also
must referre all the gracious giftes which he bestoweth upon us. Zacharie the
father of S. John Baptist, speaking of the great and sovereigne deliverance
that was made in the person of our Lord Jesus Christ, saith[1],
that Gods discharging of us from the hand and tyranny of our enemies, was to
the end that we should serve him in holinesse and righteousnesse all our life long.
And this is a doctrine very common throughout the whole holy scripture. And for
the same cause also is it sayd by the prophet Esay[2],
that God hath created a people to set foorth his prayse. Seeing then that the
Lawe was given to the people, to make them perceive why they had bin delivered
from the bondage of
Seeing then that the lawe was so well sealed and
with such majestie: must it not needs be that the people were worse than
blockes, when they hearkened not to their God speaking with such force? Yet for
all that, the lawe was despised, and even while God was preparing of his
servaunt Moses to set it forth, behold, the people coulde not abide to tarie
the bringing of Gods wil unto them, but made them a Calfe of golde, and fell
flatly to setting up of new superstitions, even in spite of God, of whose power
and favour they had so often had experience. Againe, when the law was once given,
the people trembled and quaked for a while, insomuch that they were inforced to
say, if God speake any more unto us we be utterly undone: there is no way with
us but death: and therwithal they stood aloofe from the mountaine, according
also as they were commanded. It shoulde seeme then that there was some
reverence. But the issue shewed that all
was but hypocrisie, and it appeared well that they were not rightly touched in
their hearts, nor had taken lively root to profit in the doctrine. We see then in
effect, that when God did first of al publish his law, it had verie skant and
slender hearing, and the people were not yet disposed to submit themselves to
it as they should have done. By reason wherof God was faine to return to it
againe, notwithstanding that the people deserved not that God shoulde cause
Moses to serve still in that office. For was it not reason that they which had
so despised the living God, should thenceforth have ben left destitute of all
truth? that the divel might have taken possession of them? that hee might have
made them starke blinde? that they might have starved for want of lively foode?
and that they should have ben poysoned with all the deceites and errors of
Satan? Of a truth, the people were well worthy of such reward. But God had not
an eye to the deserts of that wretched people. For he surmounted their sinnes
with his infinite goodnes, and proceeded in teaching of them still, even when
they had shewed themselves most stubborne and rebellious, and had matched their
unthankfulnes with such wilfulnes, as there seemed to bee no way to come neere
them to doe them good: and yet did God even then use his mercie and vouchsafed to assay whether
the people would suffer themselves to be brought backe againe or no. And that
is the cause why Moses did not onely set forth the Law in Horeb, but also used
vehement exhortations therwithall, because he saw the lightnes and unconstancy
of the people, indevoring and streining himselfe by all meanes to bring them
backe againe unto God.
Yet notwithstanding, God vouchsafed still, that in
the end there should be an abridgement of the law, and that the same should be
confirmed as it is conteined in this booke. And that is the cause why it is
intituled Deuteronomie, which is as much to say as the Law repeated. Not that God bringeth in any newe thing here:
but for that he blameth the people for their foresaid lewdnes, shewing that his doctrine had ben ill
observed, like as when children do not profit wel at schole, but play the
grosse Asses, when they have spent a whole yeare and are never the further
forewarde, they must bee faine to returne againe to their Apcie. And why? For notwithstanding
that they have heard their schoolemaister, yet they be as ignorant as they were
before, insomuch that insteede of learning any thing, a man shall see them
continue still alwayes at one staye. So then, our Lorde upbraideth the people
of
Thus we see in effect, what the groundworke of this
Booke is: that is to wit, that God having erst alreadie given his law to the
people of Israel, and warranted it as much as was requisite: vouchsafed because
of their hardhartednesse and sturbornesse, to give a larger declaration therof,
than Moses had put in writing as yet. And hee hath not only opened the meaning
of the Law, but also exhorted the people to keepe it better than they had done
before, upbraiding them with their lewdnesse in that they had beene so unrulie
and so ill disposed, to receive the instruction of their maker and redeemer at
the first time. Nowe, all the thinges that wee see in this people, belong unto
us. And would GOD wee resembled not the Jewes in any thing, I meane as in these
pointes. But if ever there were too much hardnesse of hearte in them, howe much
more is it to bee founde in us nowadayes? For our Lorde hath spoken more than
once unto us. If the law were well warranted in the hand of Moses: hath the
gospel bin lesse confirmed unto us in these daies? If the earth were shaken
then, if the trumpets sounded, if the lightenings flewe abroade, if
thunderclappes were heard: the Gospel also shaketh both heaven and earth as
now, as it is saide by the Prophet Aggeus[3],
and alleaged by the Apostle in the Epistle to the Hebrues[4].
Also we heare what S. Paul speaketh of it in the third Chapter of the second
Epistle to the Corinthians[5].
The message of life and salvation (saith he) which is conteined in the Gospel,
must needes bee glorified as much or more than the doctrine of the Lawe, which
was dead of it selfe and coulde not give men life.
Seeing then that God hath uttered so great majestie
in the Gospel, and his preaching of it unto us hath not bin for once and away,
but wee have our eares beaten with it every day: let us see if we be good
scholers, and whether we beare in minde the things that have beene tolde us, so
as God is honoured at our hands. Are we linked unto him? Alas, it is nothing
so. For continue God never so much in setting forth his doctrine unto us,
wherin we do as it were see his heart laid open unto us: yet are we locked upon
our part, and we give him no entrance, but rather wee be gadding and ful of
vanitie, and we be so farre off from being touched with the doctrine, and from
receiving it to holde our selves wholly to it, and to set our minds upon it,
and to be setled in right obedience to it: that rather the cleane contrarie is
to be seene. And so we see that the Jewes are as a loking glasse wherein we may
behold our owne rudenesse, frowardnesse, unthankfulnesse, and wilfull
stubbornnesse against God.
Yea and we be more blame worthie than the Jewes for
giving so slender eare to our God. For as I have tolde you already, the people
of olde time ought to have thought themselves bounde unto God, and to have
yeelded and given over themselves wholy to his service, bicause he had
delivered them from the thraldome of Egypt. And what is it that God hath rid us
from now at this time? Is it but from the tyranny of a mortal man, or of some
earthly people? No, but we know that he hath ransomed us from the cheins of sin
and of the divel, he hath pulled us out of the gulfe of death, he hath drawne
us out of the dungeon of hel, and he hath not onely promised us the land of
Chanaan for an inheritance, but also opened the heavens unto us in the person
of our Lord Jesus Christ, show hath taken possession thereof for us, to the end
we might be sure that our abiding place and everlasting rest is made ready for
us there. Seeing then that God hath bound us in such wise unto him, is not our
unthankefulnes double, yea or rather an hundredfold more shamefull, than the
unthankfulnesse of the people of olde time?
Futhernore, whereas God hath vouchsafed to hold on
in the office of instructing, to teache the people which was so rude and
rebellious: let us assure ourselves that he doeth the like towards us
nowadaies. Yea and it is requisite for us that he should so doe (as I have
saide already): or else what would become of it? But sith we see that God is so
gracious as not to bee weary of teaching us, though it boote us not at the
first day, nor at the first yeare: let us assure our selves that his dealing
with us after that sorte from day to day, is no more than needeth. And it is a
point well worth the marking. For men have itching eares, and be desirous to
heare alwaies new things: and if the doctrine of God be preached and set forth
to them every day, it becometh irksome to them and they wax weary of it. For to
their seeming is is inough to speake of it once or twise, and they consider not
how they forget the things which they ought to have borne away. So then, to the
end we wax not weary of the doctrine that is preached unto us: let us marke
that it is needful for us that God should put us still in minde of the things
that he hath taught us already: for our wits are short towardes him. And
therefore let us bethinke ourselves well, and whensoever it is told us that
there is but one God in whom we be, and that he is not only our maker, but also
our father, and hath adopted us to be his children, and moreover tied us to him
by a much streiter band, in that he hath redeemed us with the bloud of his owne
sonne: whensoever we be put in minde of these things: although we have heard of
them before, yet let us not say, tush, these thnges have beene preached to us
long ago: but let every of us enter into himselfe, and examine himselfe, and
see whether the things that we have heard heretofore, be wel printed in our
harts. Let us then enter into accompt after that sort. And why? For if we
remembred wel, that we be set in this world to the end to glorifie our god:
would we not be more mindful to discharge our dutie towards him? If we
considered the fatherly kindenesse that hee useth in calling us his children,
and which he hath shewed towards us once alredy in adopting of us in the person
of his own sonne: and if we mark how dearly we cost our Lord Jesus Christ when
he did set us free from endlesse death: should we not be desirous to give our
selves wholy to our God? Should we not be moved to yeelde him another maner of
reverence than we do? Now therfore, whensoever we be unruly, so as the world
carieth us away, and we be intangled in earthly lusts and affections: let us
assure our selves it is because we have not given good eare to our God, when he
spake to us, nor taken heede to it when he warned us of our duties. And
therfore it is good for us to be put in minde of it, and to have God come backe
againe to us and to say unto us, yee wretched folke, what meane yee? When I have
once taught you: the doctrine that is conteined in my word ought to soke
throughly into you, and yet notwithstanding you be still like little babes.
This is it (say I) which we have to doe,
to the end we may finde favour in Gods worde, and be nourished therwith as with
our ordinarie foode. We must assure ourselves, that the appointing of this
order that we should be preached unto all the time of our life, and that wee
shoulde have our eares beaten continually with the things, which we ought to
understande in one or two monethes, is not in vaine.
Futhermore, if we doe not so, if we subdue not our
selves to the hearing of our God, and suffer our selves to be taught by him all
the time of our life: let us be afraide least he execute the vengeance uppon
us, which he threatned once to the people of Israell by is Prophet Esay[6],
saying that his lawe should be to them as a booke shut up and sealed, so as if
it were offered to men of skill, they should say, the letters are not to be
seene, there is a seale upon then, I cannot tell what is within it: And if it
were offered to ignorant and unlearned men: they shoulde answere, we be not
booke learned, we never went to schoole, we cannot reade. Loe how God punisheth
all such as walke on in their brutishnesse, and wil never submit themselves
unto him. True it is, that God beareth with us for a time, and that (as I said
afore) although we be worthy to be cut of from his house, and to be bereft of
his truth, so as he should give us up into Sathans handes, to bee blinded with
lies and to bee poysoned by him: yet notwithstanding, our God having pitie
uppon us, assayeth still to winne us to himselfe. But if we continue still in
refusing the good doctrine, and become never the better for it at the yeares
ende, than we were at the first day: at length this threat must needes light
upon us, namely that we shall take the holy scripture into our hands, and have
it preached unto us, and yet wee shall understande never a whitte of it, though
we be never so witty: and that when as the unlearned shall say, I wote not what
it meaneth, it shall also bee as a letter folded up and fast sealed, even to
them that are skilfullest and sharpest witted. Wherefore let us stande in feare
of such threatnings: and least our light bee turned into darkenesse, let us
take holde of the opportunitie which God offereth us nowadaies, that wee may
fare the better by his continuall speaking to us after that sort.
True it is that the thinges which are conteined
gere were spoken to the people of
Wherefore let us marke, that whensoever God shall
hencefoorth speake to the Jewes, the same is spoken also unto us: and wee must
receive it in such wise, as wee must understande that God hath shed forth his
grace through the whole worlde by the comming of his onely sonne, and builded up
the heavenly Jerusalem, to the ende that we shoulde all be linked together in
one holy brotherhood, to cal upon him as or father all with one mouth. Sith it
is so then, let us understand that it is good reason that wee shoulde give over
our selves unto him, and that he should hold us in awe, and enjoy us, and that
like as he hath vouchsafed to give himselfe unto us, so we on our side shoulde
bee wholly his, to yeelde him the duetie which children owe to their father:
and that when we be negligent and slowe therein, we should at least wise be
moved with the exhortations that are conteined in this booke: and that seeing
God calleth upon us so earnestly, we shold not stop our eares against him but
everie man awake, and one of us rebuke another: Yea and that if we were wise,
we should not tarie till God quickened us up so sharpely, but rather prevent
him, howbeit that we ought to be moved to bee ashamed of our lewdnesse and to
returne againe unto God, at leastwise when hee falleth to correcting of us by
thendering out his threatnings against us, and by upbrayding of us with our
sinnes. Thus yee see what wee have to marke in generall upon this booke.
Nowe let us come to the text that I have rehearsed
afore. These are the wordes which Moses
spake unto the people in the wildernesse, in the plaine (or champion grounds) beyond
But to the end wee may bee the better disposed: we
must also weigh this saying which Moses addeth, Even according to all that God had commaunded him. Nowe by this
preface he sheweth, that he brought not any thing of his owne, ne meant to subdue
the people to his owne dotages, nor to any thing that he could have devised of
his owne reason and wisedome as in respect of men, but that he did simply obey
God, as a faithfull and trustie messenger, without swarving aside either to the
right hand or to the left. Nowe if Moses who had so excellent a record as wee
see, insomuch that God never raised up any Prophet equall or like unto him[8]:
If Moses the prince of all Prophets next unto Jesus Christ, and the chiefe of
all under the olde Lawe, doe
neverthelesse protest that he putteth not forth any thing of his owne head: I
pray you what shall others do? May they compare themselves with him? No: but
put the case that they be as highly advanced and placed as he: yet
notwithstanding, the furthest that they ought to goe, is but to set forth the
things that God hath commaunded them. And therefore let us learne, that here
all mens traditions are shut out of doores. And hereby it appeareth, that the
Pope hath marred and corrupted the whole order of the Church, by his taking
upon him to be a Lawmaker, to devise lawes and to lay them upon mens necks at
his owne pleasure, to forge and contrive newe articles of faith, and to inforce
men to receive his inventions as the holy scriptures. Was not this a turning of
all things upside downe? Yes: for God never ment that men should have such
libertie and sway in the Church, as to set forth any of their owne inventions
there, but he himselfe onely will be heard there. Marke that for one point.
But there is yet more in it: for it is not onely
saide that Moses spake according to the charge that was given him: but according to all that ever the Lord had
commaunded him. He sheweth then, that he did not as it were make a medlie,
or seeke by any meanes to bring in what he himselfe thought good, or to separate
himself from Gods worde: but that he followed Gods will from point to point to
the uttermost. Ye see then that there was a great singlenesse of heart in
Moses, insomuch as he not only gave forth the things that he had received at
Gods hand: but also continued throughout in the same singlenew of keeping
himselfe within his boundes, so as he raunged got abroade to say, this is good,
or that is good, thus or thus doe I thinke of this matter. No: but in all points he ruled himselfe
according to the charge of his commission, uttering his message according as he
had heard God speake it. Marke that for
the second point.
Nowe herewithall wee be warned to receive the doctrine
here conteined, not as comming from a mortall man. In speaking unto us, Moses
protesteth that he himselfe is not our schoolemaister though he rehearseth our
lesson unto us; but that must alwayes be God and his holy spirit, that must be
even our Lord Jesus Christ, in whose hand the Lawe was given, as S. Paul
speaketh of him[9].
For he was the governour of the Church at all times. Ye see then that the thing
which we have to consider here, is that we must reverently and carefully
receive the things that were given us by the hand of Moses. Not that wee may
think that any thing came of himselfe: but that God sent him and ordeined him
to be his instrument, so that when we receive any thing that was spoken by
Moses, wee may warrant our selves that God guideth and governeth us by his owne
pure trueth, and that our faith resteth not upon men nor upon any mortall
creature, but that the living God is the author, and will also be the warranter
thereof.
Now after he hath spoken so, he saith, That his rehearsing of all these things was
in the fortith yeare, the eleventh moneth, and the first day of the moneth.
As if it had bene saide, when the people drewe nigh to the land of promise and
were readie to enter into it: then did he repeate the Lawe of God, and make an
abridgement of it, and rehearse all the exhortations and warnings which he had
made to them before. Not that Moses had helde his peace and kept silence ever
since [the giving of the Lawe in] Horeb: for as I have tolde you alreadie, he
ceassed not to call upon the people continually, bicause he sawe them so
wilfull and stubborne, and so stiffenecked and hard to be bowed. But in the
end, forasmuch as he drewe neere to his long home, and had as good as finished
his race and should anon after depart out of this world, (as wee shall see that
he did in the end of this booke:) he made a rehearsall of all the doctrine that
he had preached by the space of fortie
yeeres, of purpose to ratifie and confirme it in such wise to the people, as
their successours might bee edified by it after his decease, and the profit
thereof redound unto us at this day, and wee be taught all the lessons
conteyned therein. Neverthelesse, we see moreover, that the people ought ere
that time to have bin throughly subdued, and to have submitted themselves
better unto God than they did. For fortie heetes are a good reasonable time to
dispose a man to goodnesse if ever he will be good. When we see a man hath bin
let chawe upon the bridle by the soace of fortie yeeres, and yet will give eare
to no counsell nor reason: it is then high time or never for him to bethinke
himself, and to fall to better disposition and ripenesse of discretion than he
hath done afore, if he be told of his fault. God therefore perceifing his
people to be so wilde, gave them time and respit to become tame, and led tham
about by the space of fortie yeeres, which thing he did to them for their
stubbornnesse sake, as we shall see hereafter. But the thing that we have to
marke at this present, is no more but that the cause why Moses spake now unto
the people, was for that he drew neere his ende, and God was at the point to
take him out of the worlde, and also for that the people should be as it were
renewed at that time. For it had bin saide to them that had refused to enter
into the land [of Chanaan,] Your carkesses shall rotte here in the
wildnernesse, you be not worthy to possesse the inheritance which your God
promised to his servaunt Abraham. Ye see then that when the people were after a
sort renewed at the ende of fortie yeeres, then did Moses set foorth the Lawe
againe, and speake to them according to Gods commaundement. Nowe must we also
apply this to our instruction. That is to say, whensoever we have bin so farre
overseene, as not to profit in Gods schoole, so as we continue Asses still, or
at leastwise have but pickled upon the doctrine, without suffering it to worke
any true livelinesse in us: if God subdue us and prepare us better by
continuance of time to hearken unto him: let us advise our selves to make our
profit therof, and let us not be unamendable. For what shal wee win by it in the
end if we continue still unruly. and be so stubborne that God cannot
overmaister us? Shall it not turne to our confusion? Therefore as well
publikely as privately, let us bethinke us to profite our selves by this
warning, and if wee have ill received the dictrine that hath bin long preached
unto us heretofore: let us consider that inasmuch as God doth not yet give us
over, but useth such mercy towardes us: his desire is to drawe us still unto
him, and therefore let us prepare our selves, that we become not stubborne
against him, but rather let us learne to bee meeke, and let us give way to the
doctrine, that it may enter into our mindes and heartes. Thus ye see how we
ought to behave ourselves.
Furthermore when God visiteth us and sendeth us any
corrections, to humble us and to abate our overgreat unthankfulnes and
frowardnes: let us turne over a newe leafe and returne againe unto him. And
when wee have done so generally for the whole body of the Church: let every of
us do the like privately on his owne behalfe. If any man have runne astray, and
never knowen God aright, nor never submitted himselfe fully to the wholesome
doctrine: if God visit him by sicknes, povertie, or otherwise howsoever it bee:
let him bethinke himselfe and say, Alas, the Gospell hath bene preached unto
me, but howe have I received it of all this while? I knew not my God, and
although I preofessed my selfe to bee one of his nombers, yet did it not touche
me at the heart. Howe shall I nowe doe
therefore? Sith it is Gods will to have me to bee his scholler, it is good
reason that I yeelde my slefe wholly to him, and that I reverence him as I
ought to doe my sovereigne maister and teacher. Thus ye see that the thing
whereof wee be warned in this text, is that when we see how our Lorde
indevoureth by all meanes to bring us backe, and is minded to beate downe the
rebelliousnesse that is in us, by rebuking our vices: and that he gathereth us
home to him when he sees us go astry, to the intent to reforme us: we must not
kicke against the spurre as I saide, but rather meekely and mildely seeke to
bee governed by him, and to profit more and more in his word.
Now let us casy our seves downe in the presence of
our good God, with acknowledgement of the innumerable faultes which we ceasse
not to commit dayly against his Majestie: praying him to vouchsafe to wipe them
out through his free goodnes, and therewithall to bring us home againe to him,
and to worke so in us by his holy spirit, as our consciences may be mortified
from day to day, untill we be ridde quite and cleane of all the corruptions of
our flesh, to be clothed againe with his righteousness. And so let us all say,
Almightie God heavenly father, etc.